Malnutrition in Cancer

Cancer patient malnutrition statistic graphic

Cancer and its treatment side effects lead to nutritional challenges, decreased food intake and weight loss. Poor nutritional status can have negative implications on treatment, its tolerance and quality of life of oncology patients.2-5 Hence, this is why nutritional screening, education and management play key roles in cancer care.

Why is Malnutrition prevalent in patients with cancer? 

Cancer treatment and nutritional impact diagram

Impact of Malnutrition on Cancer Patients

Up to 65% of patients experience weight loss at their first oncology visit.9

Malnutrition is associated with low muscle mass, which is associated with a range of unfavourable outcomes including:

Health impact icons with text overlays

Management of malnutrition 

Nutritional support should be an integral part of patient care, including early identification and intervention suited to the patient and the stage of the patient’s journey. 

Cancer care nutrition focus infographic

Nutritional requirements are increased in patients with cancer

Protein requirements can increase by up to double the standard recommended intake for patients with cancer. 

ESPEN Protein Requirements Chart for Adults
Protein requirements for adults and patients

ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in patients with cancer recommend an increased protein intake, as follows8, 23

Energy requirements8, 23 = 25 – 30 kcal/kg/day

Micronutrient intake needs to be applied in appropriate equal to the RDA8, 23

Many patients with cancer struggle to consume enough protein

Protein Intake Challenges in Cancer Patients

ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in patients with cancer recommend an increased protein intake, as follows8, 23

Energy requirements8, 23 = 25 – 30 kcal/kg/day

Micronutrient intake needs to be applied in appropriate equal to the RDA8, 23

All HCPs have a role to play in early recognition and treatment of malnutrition 

The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) cancer cachexia guidelines28 recommend the following steps:

  1. Screening for nutritional risk 
  2. Taking action for those identified as malnourished / low muscle mass
  3. Action includes referral to a dietitian for specialist dietary advice and oral nutritional supplements as required 

Malnutrition Screening29 

Red Flags of Malnutrition Infographic

Medical nutrition improves outcomes in patients with cancer 

Woman in patterned dress with health benefits chart

Learn more with Nutricia Academy

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  2. Hsueh, et al. Support Care Cancer. 2021 :29[9] :5455-5462.  
  3. Muscaritoli et al. 2021. Front. Oncol. 11: 682999.  
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  29. European Cancer Nursing Society. NutriCANurse Project 2021.Clinical Practice Guideline for Cancer Nurses: Nutrition in People with cancer 
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